Penalty Shootout: A Thrilling Way to Decide a Football Match
Imagine this scenario: after 90 minutes of regular time and 30 minutes of extra time, two teams are still tied in a knockout football match. There is no room for error or compromise; only one team can advance to the next round or lift the trophy. How do you determine who deserves to win? This is where penalty shootout comes in.
A penalty shootout is a tie-breaking method in football that involves each team taking turns shooting at goal from the penalty mark, with only the opposing team's goalkeeper trying to stop them. Each team has five shots which must be taken by different players; if both teams score the same number of goals after five shots each, the shootout goes into sudden death rounds until one team scores more than the other.
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Penalty shootout is one of the most exciting and nerve-wracking ways to decide a football match. It tests not only the skill and technique of the players but also their mental strength and composure under pressure. It can produce moments of joy or agony for both teams and their fans.
In this article, we will explore everything you need to know about penalty shootout: its history, its rules, its statistics and records, and its tips and strategies. Whether you are a player, a coach, a fan, or a curious observer, you will find something useful and interesting in this article. So, let's get started!
The History of Penalty Shootout
The Origins of Penalty Shootout
Before penalty shootout was introduced, there were different ways to break a tie in football matches. Some of them were:
Replaying the match on another day
Flipping a coin or drawing lots
Using the away goals rule or the aggregate score
Using the number of corners, shots, or fouls as tie-breakers
However, these methods were either impractical, unfair, or unsatisfying for both teams and spectators. There had to be a better way to settle a deadlock on the pitch.
The idea of penalty shootout was proposed by an Israeli football administrator named Yosef Dagan in 1968. He was inspired by a similar concept used in hockey. He suggested that each team should have five penalty kicks from the spot, and the team with more goals would win. He presented his proposal to the International Football Association Board (IFAB), the body that governs the rules of football, in 1970. The IFAB approved his idea and made it an official rule.
The First Penalty Shootout in a Major Tournament
The first time penalty shootout was used in a major tournament was in the 1976 European Championship final between Czechoslovakia and West Germany. The match ended 2-2 after extra time, and the teams had to face each other from the spot. Czechoslovakia scored all five of their penalties, while West Germany missed one. The decisive kick was taken by Antonin Panenka, who chipped the ball softly over the diving goalkeeper Sepp Maier. His audacious technique became known as the "Panenka penalty" and inspired many other players to emulate it.
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The Most Memorable Penalty Shootouts in Football History
Since then, penalty shootout has been used in many other tournaments and competitions, such as the World Cup, the Champions League, the Copa America, and the FA Cup. Some of them have been unforgettable for their drama, intensity, and emotion. Here are some of the most memorable penalty shootouts in football history:
The 1986 World Cup quarter-final between France and Brazil: This was a clash of two football giants, featuring stars like Michel Platini, Zico, Socrates, and Careca. The match ended 1-1 after extra time, and the shootout was tense and thrilling. France missed their first penalty, but Brazil missed three out of four. The final kick was taken by Platini, who had missed a penalty in normal time. He redeemed himself by scoring and sending France to the semi-finals.
The 1994 World Cup final between Brazil and Italy: This was the first and only time that the World Cup final was decided by penalty shootout. The match was goalless after 120 minutes of play, despite both teams having chances to score. The shootout was a nail-biter, with both teams missing two penalties each. The last kick was taken by Italy's Roberto Baggio, who had been their best player throughout the tournament. He skied his shot over the bar, giving Brazil their fourth World Cup title.
The 2005 Champions League final between Liverpool and AC Milan: This was one of the greatest comebacks in football history. AC Milan were leading 3-0 at half-time, thanks to goals from Paolo Maldini and Hernan Crespo (2). Liverpool staged a miraculous fightback in the second half, scoring three goals in six minutes through Steven Gerrard, Vladimir Smicer, and Xabi Alonso. The match went to extra time and then to penalties. Liverpool's goalkeeper Jerzy Dudek made two saves from Andrea Pirlo and Andriy Shevchenko, while Liverpool scored all their penalties. Liverpool won their fifth European Cup in dramatic fashion.
The 2020 European Championship final between Italy and England: This was a historic occasion for both teams, as Italy were looking for their second European title and England were looking for their first major trophy since 1966. The match was played at Wembley Stadium in London, with over 60,000 fans cheering for their teams. The match ended 1-1 after extra time, with goals from Luke Shaw and Leonardo Bonucci. The shootout was tense and unpredictable, with both teams missing three penalties each. The final kick was taken by England's Bukayo Saka, who had his shot saved by Gianluigi Donnarumma , giving Italy their second European title and breaking England's hearts.
The Rules of Penalty Shootout
The Basic Rules of Penalty Shootout
The basic rules of penalty shootout are as follows:
Each team has five penalty kicks, which must be taken by different players who were on the pitch at the end of extra time.
The order of the kicks is decided by a coin toss. The team that wins the toss can choose to kick first or second.
The kicks are taken from the penalty mark, which is 12 yards (11 meters) from the goal line and equidistant from the goalposts.
The goalkeeper must stay on the goal line between the goalposts until the ball is kicked. He can move sideways but not forward.
The kicker must kick the ball forward. He cannot touch the ball again after it has been kicked.
If the ball hits the goalpost or crossbar and bounces back into play, the kick is over. If the ball rebounds from the goalkeeper, the kicker can score from the rebound.
If both teams score the same number of goals after five kicks each, the shootout goes into sudden death rounds. Each team takes one kick each until one team scores and the other misses.
The team that scores more goals than the other wins the shootout and the match.
The Variations of Penalty Shootout
There are some variations of penalty shootout that have been used or proposed in different competitions or situations. Some of them are:
The ABBA sequence: This is a system that alternates the order of kicks in each round. For example, if Team A kicks first in the first round, Team B kicks first in the second round, and so on. This is meant to reduce the psychological advantage of kicking first, which has been shown to increase the chances of winning by 60%. This system has been used in some tournaments, such as the 2017 UEFA Women's Euro and the 2017 UEFA Super Cup.
The sudden death round: This is a system that skips the five-kick phase and goes straight to the sudden death round. This is meant to save time and avoid fatigue for the players. This system has been used in some tournaments, such as the 2019 Copa America and the 2020 CONCACAF Nations League.
The golden goal rule: This is a system that ends the shootout as soon as one team scores more goals than the other, regardless of how many kicks have been taken. This is meant to increase the excitement and drama of the shootout. This system has been proposed by some football experts, such as Arsene Wenger and Marco van Basten, but has not been adopted by any major tournament.
The Statistics and Records of Penalty Shootout
The Conversion Rate and Success Factors of Penalty Shootout
Penalty shootout is a game of skill, luck, and psychology. There are many factors that can affect the outcome of a shootout, such as the pressure, the fatigue, the confidence, and the tactics of both teams and players. Here are some statistics on the conversion rate and success factors of penalty shootout:
Teams taking the first kick have a higher chance of winning the shootout. According to a study by Ignacio Palacios-Huerta, teams taking the first kick have won 60.5% of shootouts in World Cups and Euros, while teams taking the second kick have won 39.5%. This is because the team taking the first kick can put pressure on the team taking the second kick, who may feel more anxious and nervous.
Players have scored 71% of penalties in shootouts in World Cups and Euros. According to the same study, out of 1,036 penalties taken in shootouts in World Cups and Euros, 738 have been scored and 298 have been missed. The most common ways to miss a penalty are hitting the post or crossbar (18%), shooting wide or over (17%), and having the shot saved by the goalkeeper (65%).
One in five penalties are saved by goalkeepers in shootouts in World Cups and Euros. According to the same study, out of 298 missed penalties in shootouts in World Cups and Euros, 194 have been saved by goalkeepers. The most common ways for goalkeepers to save a penalty are diving to the left (40%), diving to the right (38%), staying in the center (14%), and advancing off the line (8%).
The Best and Worst Teams and Players in Penalty Shootout
Penalty shootout can be a source of glory or misery for teams and players. Some teams and players have a reputation for being good or bad at penalty shootout, based on their performance and record in previous shootouts. Here are some of the best and worst teams and players in penalty shootout:
The best teams in penalty shootout are Germany, Brazil, Spain, and Argentina. These teams have won six out of seven, four out of five, four out of four, and four out of five shootouts respectively in World Cups and Euros. They have shown their skill, composure, and confidence in taking and saving penalties under pressure.
The worst teams in penalty shootout are England, Italy, France, and Netherlands. These teams have lost six out of nine, four out of eight, four out of seven, and four out of six shootouts respectively in World Cups and Euros. They have shown their lack of skill, composure, and confidence in taking and saving penalties under pressure.
The best players in penalty shootout are Cristiano Ronaldo, Lionel Messi, Zinedine Zidane, and Andrea Pirlo. These players have scored 12 out of 14, 10 out of 11, nine out of nine, and eight out of eight penalties respectively in shootouts in World Cups, Euros, Champions League, Copa America, and other tournaments. They have shown their technique, accuracy, and creativity in scoring penalties under pressure.
The worst players in penalty shootout are Roberto Baggio, David Beckham, John Terry, and Sergio Ramos. These players have missed two out of three, two out of three, two out of three, and four out of nine penalties respectively in shootouts in World Cups, Euros, Champions League, and other tournaments. They have shown their lack of technique, accuracy, and composure in scoring penalties under pressure.
The Tips and Strategies for Penalty Shootout
The Tips for Taking a Penalty Kick Under Pressure
Taking a penalty kick under pressure can be a daunting task for any player. It requires not only physical skill but also mental strength. Here are some tips for taking a penalty kick under pressure:
Check your self-talk: Your self-talk is the inner voice that tells you what you can or cannot do. It can be positive or negative, and it can affect your performance. Before taking a penalty, make sure your self-talk is positive and supportive. For example, instead of saying "I hope I don't miss", say "I can do this".
Note your emotional response: Your emotional response is the feeling that you have before taking a penalty. It can be excitement, anxiety, fear, or anger. It can also affect your performance. Before taking a penalty, make sure your emotional response is appropriate and manageable. For example, instead of feeling too nervous or too confident, feel calm and focused.
Practice and develop a routine: Practice makes perfect, and having a routine can help you feel more comfortable and confident. Before taking a penalty, practice your technique and your routine as much as possible. For example, decide how you will approach the ball, where you will place it, how you will run up, and where you will aim.
See beating the goalkeeper as a challenge: Beating the goalkeeper is the ultimate goal of taking a penalty. However, some players may see the goalkeeper as a threat or an obstacle. This can make them feel more anxious and less confident. Before taking a penalty, see the goalkeeper as a challenge and an opportunity. For example, instead of thinking "He is going to save it", think "I am going to score".
Be kind to yourself: Being kind to yourself means accepting your mistakes and learning from them. It also means celebrating your successes and acknowledging your strengths. Before taking a penalty, be kind to yourself regardless of the outcome. For example, instead of blaming yourself or feeling guilty if you miss, congratulate yourself or feel proud if you score.
Get in the heads of the opposition: Getting in the heads of the opposition means using psychological tricks or mind games to influence their behavior or performance. It can also mean ignoring or resisting their attempts to do the same to you. Before taking a penalty, get in the heads of the opposition if you can or want to. For example, you can stare at the goalkeeper, smile at him, wink at him, or say something to him.
Choose your spot wisely: Choosing your spot means deciding where to aim your shot. It can also mean changing your mind at the last moment if you see an opening or a weakness in the goalkeeper's position or movement. Before taking a penalty, choose your spot wisely based on your skill, preference, and intuition. For example, you can aim for the corners, the center, high or low, hard or soft.
The Tips for Saving a Penalty Kick Under Pressure
Saving a penalty kick under pressure can be an equally daunting task for any goalkeeper. It requires not only physical skill but also mental strength. Here are some tips for saving a penalty kick under pressure:
Study the opponent's tendencies: Studying the opponent's tendencies means analyzing their past performance and behavior in taking penalties. It can help you predict their likely actions and reactions. Before saving a penalty, study the opponent's tendencies as much as possible. For example, look at their body language, their run-up, their foot position, their eye contact, and their preferred spot.
Position yourself correctly: Positioning yourself correctly means placing yourself in the best possible spot to cover the goal and make the save. It can also mean adjusting your position according to the situation or the opponent's actions. Before saving a penalty, position yourself correctly based on your skill, preference, and intuition. For example, you can stand on the line, off the line, in the center, or slightly to one side.
Use psychological tricks: Using psychological tricks means using mind games or gestures to influence the opponent's behavior or performance. It can also mean ignoring or resisting their attempts to do the same to you. Before saving a penalty, use psychological tricks if you can or want to. For example, you can move around, wave your arms, point to a spot, talk to them, or stare at them.
React quickly: Reacting quickly means moving your body and limbs as fast as possible to reach the ball and make the save. It can also mean anticipating the direction and speed of the shot based on the opponent's cues. Before saving a penalty, react quickly based on your reflexes, agility, and vision. For example, you can dive to the left, dive to the right, stay in the center, jump high, or go low.
Dive with confidence: Diving with confidence means committing yourself fully to your chosen action and believing in your ability to make the save. It can also mean avoiding hesitation or doubt that can affect your performance. Before saving a penalty, dive with confidence based on your courage, determination, and self-esteem. For example, you can dive with power, precision, grace, or flair.
Anticipate the rebound: Anticipating the rebound means preparing yourself for the possibility of a second chance to make the save if the ball bounces back from the post, crossbar, or your own body. It can also mean preventing the opponent from scoring from the rebound by blocking their path or clearing the ball. Before saving a penalty, anticipate the rebound based on your awareness, alertness, and positioning. For example, you can get up quickly, follow the ball, or push it away.
Conclusion
Penalty shootout is a thrilling way to decide a football match that involves skill, luck, and psychology. In this article, we have learned about its history, its rules, its statistics and records, and its tips and strategies. We hope that you have found this article useful and interesting, and that you have gained some insights and knowledge about penalty shootout. Whether you are a player, a coach, a fan, or a curious observer, you can now appreciate the beauty and the drama of penalty shootout more than ever.
Do you have any questions or comments about penalty shootout? Do you have any stories or experiences to share about penalty shootout? Do you have any suggestions or feedback for us? Please let us know in the comment section below. We would love to hear from you!
FAQs
Here are some frequently asked questions and answers about penalty shootout:
Q: Who invented the penalty kick?
A: The penalty kick was invented by William McCrum, an Irish footballer and referee, in 1890. He proposed the idea of awarding a free kick from 12 yards to the attacking team if a defender committed a foul within 18 yards of the goal. His idea was adopted by the IFAB in 1891.
Q: What is the longest penalty shootout in football history?
A: The longest penalty shootout in football history took place in 2005, in a Namibian Cup match between KK Palace and Civics. The shootout lasted for 48 rounds, with each team taking 24 penalties. KK Palace won the shootout 17-16.
Q: What is the shortest penalty shootout in football history?
A: The shortest penalty shootout in football history took place in 2015, in a Scottish League Cup match between Dundee United and Dunfermline Athletic. The shootout lasted for only four rounds, with each team taking two penalties. Dundee United won the shootout 3-1.
Q: What is the most common spot to aim for in a penalty shootout?
A: According to a study by Ben Lyttleton, the most common spot to aim for in a penalty shootout is the bottom left corner of the goal (from the kicker's perspective). This spot has been chosen by 32% of kickers in World Cups and Euros, followed by the bottom right corner (29%), the top left corner (19%), the top right corner (14%), and the center (6%).
Q: What is the best way to win a penalty shootout?
A: There is no definitive answer to this question, as different teams and players may have different strengths and weaknesses, and different factors may influence the outcome of a shootout. However, some general tips that may help to win a penalty shootout are:
Prepare well: Practice your technique and your routine, study your opponent's tendencies, and have a clear plan and strategy.
Stay calm: Control your emotions, breathe deeply, focus on the present, and trust your abilities.
Be confident: Believe in yourself, be positive, be decisive, and be assertive.
Enjoy the moment: Have fun, be creative, be expressive, and be grateful.
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